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Mortgage Calculator

Calculate your monthly mortgage payment, total interest, and see a year-by-year amortization schedule.

$

Purchase price of the home

$

Amount paid upfront (aim for 20% to avoid PMI)

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Annual interest rate

Length of the mortgage

Enter your mortgage details, then click Calculate.

How Mortgage Payments Are Calculated

The Mortgage Payment Formula

Your monthly mortgage payment is calculated using the standard loan amortization formula. It takes three inputs: the loan amount (home price minus your down payment), the annual interest rate, and the loan term in years.

The formula ensures that each monthly payment is the same amount. Early in the loan, most of each payment goes toward interest. Over time, the split shifts so that more goes toward paying down the principal balance.

Understanding Amortization

Amortization is the process of paying off a loan through regular payments over time. Each payment covers two things:

  • Interest: calculated on your remaining loan balance each month
  • Principal: the portion that reduces your outstanding balance

In year 1 of a 30-year mortgage at 7%, roughly 70% of each payment goes to interest. By year 25, roughly 70% goes to principal. This is why making extra principal payments early in the loan term has such a dramatic effect on total interest paid.

Down Payment Impact

Your down payment directly affects the loan amount and therefore your monthly payment. A larger down payment also typically qualifies you for a lower interest rate and eliminates the need for Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) if you put down 20% or more.

What This Calculator Shows

This calculator gives you the monthly principal and interest payment, total amount paid over the life of the loan, total interest cost, and a year-by-year amortization table showing how your balance decreases over time.

Frequently asked questions

The monthly payment uses the standard amortization formula: M = P[r(1+r)^n] / [(1+r)^n - 1], where P is the loan amount (home price minus down payment), r is the monthly interest rate (annual rate / 12), and n is the total number of payments (years x 12). This formula ensures equal monthly payments that gradually shift from mostly interest to mostly principal over the loan term.

The traditional recommendation is 20% down to avoid Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI). However, many programs allow 3-5% down (conventional), 3.5% (FHA), or even 0% (VA and USDA loans). A larger down payment means lower monthly payments, less total interest, and often a better interest rate. Use this calculator to compare different down payment amounts.

Your total monthly housing payment typically includes: Principal (paying down the loan balance), Interest (the cost of borrowing), Property Taxes (usually 1-2% of home value annually), and Homeowners Insurance. This is often called PITI. This calculator shows the principal and interest portion. Add 20-30% for taxes and insurance to estimate your full payment.

Even small rate changes have a big impact. On a $300,000 30-year loan, the difference between 6% and 7% is about $200/month and over $70,000 in total interest. A 1% rate increase on a 30-year mortgage increases your monthly payment by roughly 10-12%. Always shop multiple lenders and consider buying points to lower your rate.

A 15-year mortgage has higher monthly payments but saves significantly on total interest (often 50-60% less) and builds equity faster. A 30-year mortgage has lower payments, providing more flexibility. If the 15-year payment is comfortable (under 25% of gross income), it is usually the better financial choice. You can also get a 30-year and make extra payments.

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